A recent federal district court decision[1] highlights the significant risk that beneficiaries and fiduciaries may face when estate assets are distributed before federal estate tax liabilities have been fully satisfied.[2] In United States v. Karst, the court granted summary judgment in favor of the government and held that the decedent’s sons, who were named as…
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Undue influence disputes[1] often involve no allegations of overt fraud, coercion, or incapacity, instead turning on the fairness of transactions that occur within confidential relationships. A recent Mississippi Court of Appeals’ decision[2] provides a clear illustration of how courts analyze these disputes and why the burden imposed on a beneficiary who occupies a position of…
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Two different cash advances from a mother to a son highlight when a purported loan will be respected as such for tax purposes. One case is Estate of Bolles,[1] which is an opinion I wrote about previously.[2] The other case is Estate of Galli.[3] The outcomes of the two cases are opposites – one finding…
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In a recent Tax Court opinion[1], the taxpayer Michael Shaut (“Mr. Shaut”), representing himself, contested the IRS’s determination of a tax deficiency. The court had to decide on several key issues, including whether Mr. Shaut was entitled to deductions for theft loss, legal fees, and net operating losses, as well as whether he was liable…
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Holding property in a limited liability company, or LLC, can provide a certain level of asset protection to individuals as opposed to holding such property in their individual capacity. However, that is not to say that a good asset protection plan is as simple as transferring property to a formed LLC and calling it a…
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As previously written upon by my colleague[1], probate is the process of proving a decedent’s Will to be his or her true Last Will and Testament. But, what happens when a decedent executed a Will when he or she lacked mental capacity? Or while under pressure from a certain beneficiary? Or the Will was not…
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Every year, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) releases its “Dirty Dozen.” The Dirty Dozen, as written previously about by my colleague, Devin Mills,[1] is a list of twelve prevalent scams the IRS bodes taxpayers to be weary of during tax season, as they “put taxpayers, businesses, and the tax professional community at risk of losing…
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Shortly before his passing, Benjamin Franklin uttered one of his more infamous quotes, “In this world, nothing is certain except death and taxes.” With the certainty of death implicitly comes another: everyone will transfer his or her wealth, whether in life or after death. How a person transfers wealth will affect how the other certainty,…
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Estate planners and tax practitioners have been utilizing incomplete non-grantor trusts, or “ING” trusts, with increased frequency. ING trusts can be utilized for a number of reasons, including, but not limited to, federal income tax planning,[1] asset protection, planning for qualified small business stock benefits, income shifting through distributions to descendants, and others. While this…
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It is estimated that approximately 52% of all Americans have some form of life insurance. On the other hand, there are also estimates that only 27% percent of Americans have some form of an estate plan in place. This article provides a brief and simple overview of how the two are not mutually exclusive, and…
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